Parent Resource

What should my child know in each grade?

A quick, parent-friendly guide to the reading, writing, math, and science milestones students are expected to reach from kindergarten through 12th grade. Pick a grade below to see the key skills.

Kindergarten

Ages 5–6

Kindergarten lays the foundation for school: recognizing letters and sounds, counting and comparing small numbers, and learning to listen, share, and follow classroom routines.

Reading & Language

  • Recognize and name all upper- and lowercase letters
  • Produce the primary sound for each consonant
  • Identify rhyming words and blend simple spoken sounds
  • Read common high-frequency words (the, of, to, you, she, my, is, are, do, does)
  • Retell familiar stories with key details, including characters and setting
  • Print own first name and most upper- and lowercase letters

Math

  • Count to 100 by ones and tens
  • Write numbers 0–20 and represent quantities with objects
  • Compare two groups using greater than, less than, or equal to
  • Add and subtract within 10 using objects or drawings
  • Identify and describe basic 2-D and 3-D shapes (square, circle, triangle, cube, sphere)
  • Sort objects by attribute (size, color, shape)

Science

  • Observe and describe weather patterns over time
  • Identify what plants and animals need to live
  • Explore pushes and pulls and how they change motion

Social & Learning Skills

  • Follow simple multi-step directions
  • Take turns, share, and resolve small conflicts with words
  • Sit and focus for short lessons (10–15 minutes)

Not sure where your child stands?

We offer a free assessment to identify exactly which skills your student has mastered and where they need support — then build a personalized plan to close the gap.

Sources

Skill summaries are drawn from publicly available learning standards adopted by Washington State and most U.S. school districts: